Abstract
Background
Midzanga yemagetsi(ECs) midziyo yemagetsi yemagetsi inobatwa nemaoko inogadzira aerosol nekudziisa e-mvura.Vamwe vanhu vanoputa vanoshandisa ECs kumisa kana kuderedza kusvuta, kunyangwe mamwe masangano, mapoka evamiriri uye vanogadzira mitemo vakaodza moyo izvi, vachiratidza kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwekushanda nekuchengetedza.Vanhu vanosvuta, vatapi vehutano uye vatongi vanoda kuziva kana ECs inogona kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta, uye kana vakachengetedzeka kuti vashandise chinangwa ichi.Iyi iwongororo yekuvandudza yakaitwa sechikamu chekurarama kwakarongeka ongororo.
Zvinangwa
Kuongorora kushanda, kushivirira, uye kuchengetedzeka kwekushandisa fodya yemagetsi (ECs) kubatsira vanhu vanoputa fodya kuti vakwanise kurega kusvuta kwenguva refu.
Nzira dzekutsvaga
Isu takatsvaga iyo Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register, iyo Cochrane Central Rejista yeControlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, uye PsycINFO kusvika 1 Chikunguru 2022, uye referensi-yakatariswa uye yakabata vanyori vekudzidza.
Kusarudza maitiro
Taisanganisira randomized controlled trials (RCTs) uye randomized cross-over miedzo, umo vanhu vanosvuta vaingove vakarongeka kune EC kana kutonga mamiriro.Takabatanidzawo zvidzidzo zvisingadzoreki zvekupindira umo vatori vechikamu vose vakagamuchira kupindira kweEC.Zvidzidzo zvaifanira kutaura kurega kusvuta fodya pamwedzi mitanhatu kana kureba kana data pamusoro pekuchengetedza mamaki pavhiki imwe kana kupfuura, kana zvese zviri zviviri.
Kuunganidza nekuongorora data
Isu takatevera akajairwa nzira dzeCochrane dzekuongorora uye kubviswa kwedata.Yedu yekutanga mhedzisiro matanho kwaive kurega kusvuta mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yekutevera, zviitiko zvakashata (AEs), uye zviitiko zvakakomba zvakashata (SAEs).Zvigumisiro zvechipiri zvinosanganisira chikamu chevanhu vachiri kushandisa chigadzirwa chekudzidza (EC kana pharmacotherapy) pamwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura mushure me randomisation kana kutanga kushandiswa kweEC, kuchinja mu carbon monoxide (CO), blood pressure (BP), kurova kwemoyo, arterial oxygen saturation, mapapu. basa, uye mazinga ecarcinogens kana toxicants, kana zvese zviri zviviri.Isu takashandisa yakagadziriswa-maitiro eMantel-Haenszel modhi kuverenga njodzi ratios (RRs) ine 95% yekuvimbika nguva (CI) kune dichotomous mhedzisiro.Kune zvinoramba zvichiitika, takaverenga zvinoreva kusiyana.Pazvinenge zvakakodzera, takabatanidza data mune meta-analyses.
Main results
Takabatanidza zvidzidzo zve78 zvakapedzwa, zvinomiririra vatori vechikamu 22,052, avo 40 vaiva RCTs.Gumi nemanomwe e78 akasanganisirwa zvidzidzo zvaive zvitsva kune iyi ongororo yekuvandudza.Pakati pezvidzidzo zvakabatanidzwa, takaronga gumi (zvose asi imwe chete inobatsira pakuenzanisa kwedu kukuru) panjodzi yakaderera yekusarura zvachose, 50 panjodzi huru yose (kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvose zvisina kurongwa), uye zvakasara panjodzi isina kujeka.
Ikoko kwakanga kune chokwadi chepamusoro chekuti kuregera kwemazinga kwaive kwakakwirira muvanhu vakashandurwa kune nicotine EC kupfuura kune avo vakashandurwa kune nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30 kusvika 2.04; I2 = 10%; 6 zvidzidzo, 2378 vatori vechikamu).Mumashoko akakwana, izvi zvinogona kududzira kune mamwe mana anosiya pa100 (95% CI 2 kusvika 6).Pakanga paine humbowo hune mwero-yechokwadi (yakaganhurirwa nekusajeka) kuti chiyero chekuitika kweAEs chakafanana pakati pemapoka (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 kusvika 1.19; I2 = 0%; 4 zvidzidzo, 1702 vatori vechikamu).SAEs yakanga isingawanzoitiki, asi pakanga pasina humbowo hwakakwana hwekuona kana mitero yakasiyana pakati pemapoka nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwakanyanya (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 kusvika 1.52; I2 = 34%; 5 zvidzidzo, 2411 vatori vechikamu).
Pakanga paine humbowo hwehumwe-humwe humbowo, hwakaganhurirwa nekusanzwisisika, kuti kuregera mitengo yaive yakakwira muvanhu vakarongeka kune nicotine EC pane kune isiri nicotine EC (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21 kusvika 3.13; I2 = 0%; 5 zvidzidzo, 1447 vatori vechikamu) .Mumashoko akakwana, izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune vanomwe vanowedzera kusiya pazana (95% CI 2 kusvika 16).Paive nepakati-yechokwadi humbowo hwekusave nemusiyano muyero yeAEs pakati pemapoka aya (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 kusvika 1.11; I2 = 0%; 5 zvidzidzo, 1840 vatori vechikamu).Pakanga pasina humbowo hwakakwana hwekuona kana mazinga eSAEs akasiyana pakati pemapoka, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakanyanya (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.56 kusvika 1.79; I2 = 0%; 8 zvidzidzo, 1272 vatori vechikamu).
Kuenzaniswa nerutsigiro rwekuita chete / pasina rutsigiro, mitengo yekusiya yaive yakakwirira kune vatori vechikamu randomized kune nicotine EC (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 kusvika 4.65; I2 = 0%; 7 zvidzidzo, 3126 vatori vechikamu).Mumashoko akakwana, izvi zvinomiririra mamwe maviri anosiya pazana (95% CI 1 kusvika 3).Nekudaro, ichi chiwanikwa chaive chechokwadi chakaderera, nekuda kwenyaya nekusarongeka uye njodzi yekurerekera.Paive nehumwe humbowo hwekuti (isina-yakakomba) maAE aive akajairika muvanhu vakasarudzika kune nicotine EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 kusvika 1.32; I2 = 41%, chokwadi chakaderera; 4 zvidzidzo, 765 vatori vechikamu) uye, zvakare, isina kukwana. humbowo hwekuona kana mazinga eSAE akasiyana pakati pemapoka (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54 kusvika 1.97; I2 = 38%; 9 zvidzidzo, 1993 vatori vechikamu).
Dhata kubva kune zvisiri-randomized zvidzidzo zvaienderana neRCT data.MaAE ainyanya kutaurwa aive kusvotwa pahuro/muromo, kutemwa nemusoro, kukosora, uye kusvotwa, izvo zvaiita kupera nekuenderera mberi nekushandiswa kweEC.Zvishoma zvishoma zvidzidzo zvakashuma data pamusoro pezvimwe mhedzisiro kana kuenzanisa, saka humbowo hweizvi hushoma, neCIs kazhinji inosanganisira kukuvadza kwakakura uye kubatsirwa.
Mhedziso dzevanyori
Pane humbowo hwechokwadi hwekuti ECs ine nicotine inowedzera kuregera mitengo kana ichienzaniswa neNRT uye ine mwero-yechokwadi humbowo hwekuti vanowedzera kuregera mitengo kana ichienzaniswa neECs isina nicotine.Humbowo hwekufananidza chikakananda EC nekutarisirwa kwakajairwa / kusarapwa kunoratidzawo kubatsirwa, asi kune chokwadi kushoma.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinodiwa kusimbisa saizi yemhedzisiro.Nguva dzekuvimba dzaive dzechikamu chikuru chakafara kune data paAEs, SAEs uye mamwe mamarker ekuchengetedza, pasina mutsauko muAEs pakati penicotine uye isiri-nicotine ECs kana pakati pechikakananda ECs neNRT.Zviitiko zvakazara zveSAE zvaive zvakaderera pamaoko ese ekudzidza.Hatina kuona humbowo hwekukuvadza kwakanyanya kubva nicotine EC, asi iyo yakareba yekutevera yaive makore maviri uye nhamba yezvidzidzo yaive diki.
Mhedzisiro huru yehumbowo hwaro hunoramba husina kurongeka nekuda kwenhamba diki yeRCTs, kazhinji ine yakaderera chiitiko mazinga, asi mamwe maRCT ari kuitika.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ongororo inoramba ichipa ruzivo rwezvino kune vanoita sarudzo, iyi wongororo ndeyekurarama kwakarongeka.Tinotsvaga tsvakiridzo pamwedzi, newongororo inovandudzwa kana humbowo hutsva hwakakodzera hunowanikwa.Ndokumbira utarise kuCochrane Database yeSystem Ongororo yekutarisa kwazvino mamiriro.
Pfupiso yemutauro wakajeka
Midzanga yemagetsi ingabatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta here, uye ine zvipi nezvipi zvisingadiwi kana ikashandiswa kuita izvi?
Chii chinonzi midzanga yemagetsi?
Midzanga yemagetsi (e-fodya) midziyo inobatwa nemaoko inoshanda nekudziisa mvura inowanzo ine nicotine uye zvinonhuwirira.E-fodya inobvumidza iwe kufemera nicotine mumhute pane kuputa.Nekuti haipise fodya, e-fodya haibudisi vashandisi kumazinga akafanana emakemikari anogona kukonzera zvirwere muvanhu vanoputa fodya yakajairika.
Kushandisa e-fodya kunowanzozivikanwa se 'vaping'.Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa e-fodya kuvabatsira kurega kusvuta fodya.Muongororo iyi tinotarisa zvakanyanya pa e-fodya ine nicotine.
Nei takaita iyi Ongororo yeCochrane
Kurega kusvuta kunoderedza njodzi yako yekenza yemapapu, chirwere chemoyo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda.Vanhu vakawanda vanoona zvakaoma kurega kusvuta.Taida kuona kana kushandisa e-fodya kwaigona kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta, uye kana vanhu vachiishandisa nekuda kweizvi vakawana chero mhedzisiro isingadiwe.
Takaitei?
Takatsvaga zvidzidzo zvakatarisa kushandiswa kwe-e-cigarette kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta.
Takatsvaga miedzo yakarongeka, umo marapirwo aigamuchirwa nevanhu akasarudzwa chero.Rudzi urwu rwekudzidza runowanzo kupa humbowo hwakavimbika pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekurapa.Takatsvagawo zvidzidzo umo munhu wese aiwana kurapwa e-fodya.
Taida kuziva:
· vangani vanhu vakarega kusvuta kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu;uye
· vangani vanhu vakaita zvisingadiwe, zvakashumwa mushure mevhiki imwe chete yekushandiswa.
Tsvaga zuva: Isu takasanganisira humbowo hwakaburitswa kusvika 1 Chikunguru 2022.
Zvatakawana
Takawana zvidzidzo makumi manomwe nesere zvaisanganisira vakuru makumi maviri nevaviri nemazana mashanu nevaviri vaiputa.Zvidzidzo zvakafananidza e-fodya ne:
· Chikakananda chinotsiva kurapwa, sezvigamba kana chingamu;
· varenicline (mushonga wekubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta);
e-fodya isina nicotine;
· mamwe marudzi efodya ine nicotine (eg midziyo yepod, midziyo mitsva);
· Tsigiro yehunhu, senge zano kana kuraira;kana
· hapana tsigiro yekurega kuputa.
Zvidzidzo zvizhinji zvakaitika muUSA (34 zvidzidzo), UK (16), uye Italy (8).
Ndezvipi mhedzisiro yeongororo yedu?
Vanhu vanowanzorega kusvuta kwemwedzi mitanhatu vachishandisa nicotine e-cigarettes pane kushandisa nicotine replacement therapy (6 zvidzidzo, 2378 vanhu), kana e-fodya pasina nicotine (5 zvidzidzo, 1447 vanhu).
Nicotine e-cigarettes inogona kubatsira vanhu vakawanda kurega kusvuta pane kusatsigira kana kutsigira maitiro chete (7 zvidzidzo, 3126 vanhu).
Kune vanhu zana vese vanoshandisa nicotine e-fodya kuti varege kusvuta, 9 kusvika 14 vanogona kumira zvakabudirira, zvichienzaniswa nevanhu 6 chete ve100 vanoshandisa nicotine-replacement therapy, 7 ye100 vachishandisa e-fodya vasina chikakananda, kana 4 pa100 vanhu vasina. tsigiro kana tsigiro yehunhu chete.
Hatina chokwadi kana paine mutsauko pakati pekuti vangani zvisingadiwi mhedzisiro inoitika uchishandisa nicotine e-fodya kana ichienzaniswa neye nicotine replacement therapy, hapana rutsigiro kana tsigiro yehunhu chete.Paive nehumwe humbowo hwekuti zvisiri zvakakomba zvisingadiwe zvaive zvakajairika mumapoka aigamuchira nicotine e-fodya zvichienzaniswa nekusatsigirwa kana tsigiro yekuzvibata chete.Nhamba dzakaderera dzemigumisiro isingadiwi, kusanganisira zvakakomba zvisingadiwi, zvakashumwa mune zvidzidzo kuenzanisa nicotine e-cigarettes kune nicotine replacement therapy.Panogona kunge pasina mutsauko mune zvingani zvisiri zvakakomba zvisingadiwe zvinoitika muvanhu vanoshandisa nicotine e-fodya zvichienzaniswa ne-e-fodya isina nicotine.
Mhedzisiro isingadikanwi yakataurwa kazhinji neicotine e-fodya yaive yehuro kana kutsamwa kwemuromo, kutemwa nemusoro, kukosora uye kunzwa kurwara.Izvi zvakaderedzwa nekufamba kwenguva sezvo vanhu vakaramba vachishandisa nicotine e-fodya.
Izvi zvawanikwa zvakavimbika zvakadii?
Mhedzisiro yedu yakavakirwa pazvidzidzo zvishoma kune zvakawanda zvabuda, uye kune zvimwe mhedzisiro, data rakasiyana zvakanyanya.
Takawana humbowo hwekuti nicotine e-fodya inobatsira vanhu vazhinji kurega kusvuta pane nicotine replacement therapy.Nicotine e-fodya zvichida inobatsira vanhu vakawanda kurega kusvuta kupfuura e-fodya vasina nicotine asi zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvichiri kudiwa kusimbisa izvi.
Zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa nicotine e-fodya nerutsigiro kana kusava nerutsigiro zvakaratidzawo mazinga akakwira ekurega muvanhu vanoshandisa nicotine e-fodya, asi inopa imwe data shoma nekuda kwenyaya nedhizaini yekudzidza.
Mazhinji emhedzisiro yedu yeasingadiwe mhedzisiro anogona kuchinja kana humwe humbowo huchiwanikwa.
Mashoko akakosha
Nicotine e-cigarettes inogona kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu.Humbowo hunoratidza kuti vanoshanda zvirinani pane chikakananda chekutsiva kurapwa, uye pamwe zviri nani pane e-fodya isina chikakananda.
Vanogona kushanda zviri nani pane kusava nerutsigiro, kana tsigiro yekuzvibata chete, uye vangave vasina kubatanidzwa nemhedzisiro isingadiwe.
Zvisinei, isu tichiri kuda humwe uchapupu, kunyanya pamusoro pemigumisiro yemarudzi matsva e-e-fodya ane nicotine iri nani kuunza kupfuura marudzi ekare e-e-cigarettes, sezvo nicotine iri nani kuendesa kunogona kubatsira vanhu vakawanda kurega kusvuta.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-23-2022
