Ibisobanuro
Amavu n'amavuko
Itabi rya elegitoroniki(EC) ni ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki vaping ikora ibyuma bya aerosol mu gushyushya e - amazi.Abantu bamwe banywa itabi bakoresha EC kugirango bahagarike cyangwa bagabanye itabi, nubwo amashyirahamwe amwe, amatsinda yunganira abashinzwe umutekano hamwe nabafata ibyemezo babicishije bugufi, bavuga ko nta bimenyetso bifatika byerekana umutekano n’umutekano.Abantu banywa itabi, abatanga ubuvuzi nabashinzwe kugenzura bifuza kumenya niba EC zishobora gufasha abantu kureka itabi, kandi niba bafite umutekano wo gukoresha iyi ntego.Nibisubirwamo bisubirwamo byakozwe nkigice cyo gusuzuma kizima.
Intego
Kugenzura imikorere, kwihanganira, n’umutekano byo gukoresha itabi rya elegitoroniki (ECs) kugirango rifashe abantu banywa itabi kugera ku kwifata igihe kirekire.
Uburyo bwo gushakisha
Twashakishije igitabo cyihariye cy’itsinda ry’itabi rya Cochrane, igitabo cyihariye cya Cochrane cy’ibigeragezo byagenzuwe (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, na PsycINFO kugeza ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2022, kandi twifashishije - twasuzumye kandi tuvugana n'abanditsi b'ubushakashatsi.
Ibipimo byo gutoranya
Twashyizemo ibigeragezo byateganijwe (RCTs) hamwe numusaraba uteganijwe - hejuru yikigeragezo, aho abantu banywa itabi batoranijwe kuri EC cyangwa kugenzura.Twashyizemo kandi ubushakashatsi bwo gutabara butagenzuwe aho abitabiriye amahugurwa bose bakiriye EC intervention.Ubushakashatsi bwagombaga kwerekana ko wirinze itabi mu mezi atandatu cyangwa arenga cyangwa amakuru ku bimenyetso by’umutekano mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa kirenga, cyangwa byombi.
Gukusanya amakuru no gusesengura
Twakurikije uburyo busanzwe bwa Cochrane bwo gusuzuma no gukuramo amakuru.Ingamba zacu z'ibanze twafashe ni ukwirinda kunywa itabi nyuma y'amezi atandatu akurikira - hejuru, ibintu bibi (AEs), n'ibihe bikomeye (SAEs).Icyiciro cya kabiri cyagezweho harimo igipimo cyabantu bagikoresha ibicuruzwa byo kwiga (EC cyangwa pharmacotherapie) mumezi atandatu cyangwa arenga nyuma yo gutoranya cyangwa gutangira gukoresha EC, impinduka za monoxide ya karubone (CO), umuvuduko wamaraso (BP), umuvuduko wumutima, kwiyuzuza ogisijeni ya arterial, ibihaha imikorere, n'inzego za kanseri cyangwa uburozi, cyangwa byombi.Twifashishije - ingaruka zifatika Mantel model Haenszel yo kubara ibipimo byibyago (RRs) hamwe 95% intera yicyizere (CI) kubisubizo bitandukanye.Kubisubizo bikomeje, twabaze bisobanura itandukaniro.Aho bikenewe, twahujije amakuru muri meta - gusesengura.
Ibisubizo nyamukuru
Twashyizemo ubushakashatsi 78 bwarangiye, buhagarariye abitabiriye 22.052, muri bo 40 ni RCT.17 muri 78 harimo ubushakashatsi bwari shyashya kuri iri vugurura.Mu bushakashatsi bwarimo, twasuzumye icumi (yose uretse imwe igira uruhare mu kugereranya kwacu) ku kaga gake ko kubogama muri rusange, 50 bafite ibyago byinshi muri rusange (harimo n’ubushakashatsi bwose butabigenewe), naho abasigaye bafite ibyago bidasobanutse.
Hariho udashidikanya ko ibipimo byo kureka byari byinshi mu bantu batoranijwe kuri nikotine EC kuruta mu bahisemo kuvura imiti yo gusimbuza nikotine (NRT) (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30 kugeza 2.04; I2 = 10%; ubushakashatsi 6, 2378 bitabiriye).Mumagambo yuzuye, ibi birashobora gusobanurwa kuri bane baretse kuri 100 (95% CI 2 kugeza 6).Hariho ibimenyetso biciriritse - byukuri (bigarukira ku kudasobanuka) byerekana ko igipimo cyo kubaho kwa AEs cyari gisa hagati yitsinda (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 kugeza 1.19; I2 = 0%; ubushakashatsi 4, abitabiriye 1702).SAEs yari imbonekarimwe, ariko hari ibimenyetso bidahagije byerekana niba ibiciro bitandukanye hagati yitsinda kubera kudasobanuka gukomeye (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 kugeza 1.52; I2 = 34%; ubushakashatsi 5, abitabiriye 2411).
Hariho ibimenyetso biciriritse - bifatika, bigarukira ku kudasobanuka neza, ko igipimo cyo kureka cyari hejuru mu bantu batoranijwe na nikotine EC kuruta EC (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21 kugeza 3.13; I2 = 0%; ubushakashatsi 5, 1447 bitabiriye) .Mu magambo yuzuye, ibi birashobora gutuma hiyongeraho abantu barindwi kuri 100 (95% CI 2 kugeza 16).Hariho ibimenyetso biciriritse - byukuri byerekana ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yikigereranyo cya AEs hagati yaya matsinda (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 kugeza 1.11; I2 = 0%; ubushakashatsi 5, abitabiriye 1840).Nta bimenyetso bihagije byerekana niba igipimo cya SAEs gitandukanye hagati yitsinda, kubera kudasobanuka gukomeye (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.56 kugeza 1.79; I2 = 0%; ubushakashatsi 8, abitabiriye 1272).
Ugereranije ninkunga yimyitwarire gusa / nta nkunga, igipimo cyo kureka cyari hejuru kubitabiriye gutoranya nikotine EC (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 kugeza 4.65; I2 = 0%; ubushakashatsi 7, abitabiriye 3126).Mumagambo yuzuye, ibi byerekana inyongera ebyiri kuri 100 (95% CI 1 kugeza 3).Nyamara, ubu bushakashatsi bwarashidikanyaga cyane, kubera ibibazo bidafite ishingiro hamwe ningaruka zo kubogama.Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko (non - serieux) AEs yakunze kugaragara mubantu batoranijwe kuri nikotine EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 kugeza 1.32; I2 = 41%, byanze bikunze; ubushakashatsi 4, abitabiriye 765) kandi, nanone, ntibihagije ibimenyetso byerekana niba ibipimo bya SAEs bitandukanye hagati yitsinda (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54 kugeza 1.97; I2 = 38%; ubushakashatsi 9, abitabiriye 1993).
Ibyatanzwe mubushakashatsi butari - buteganijwe bwahujwe namakuru ya RCT.AEs yakunze kuvugwa cyane ni umuhogo / umunwa, kubabara umutwe, inkorora, no kugira isesemi, byakunze gutandukana no gukomeza gukoresha EC.Ubushakashatsi buke ni bwo bwatangaje amakuru ku bindi bisubizo cyangwa kugereranya, bityo ibimenyetso kuri ibyo ni bike, hamwe na CI akenshi bikubiyemo ingaruka mbi z’ubuvuzi n’inyungu.
Imyanzuro y'abanditsi
Hariho ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko EC hamwe na nikotine byongera igipimo cyo kureka ugereranije na NRT hamwe n’ibimenyetso biciriritse - byerekana ko byongera igipimo cyo kureka ugereranije na EC nta nikotine.Ibimenyetso bigereranya nikotine EC nubuvuzi busanzwe / nta muti nabyo byerekana inyungu, ariko ntibisobanutse neza.Ubushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango hemezwe ingano yingaruka.Intera yicyizere yari igice kinini cyamakuru kuri AEs, SAEs nibindi bimenyetso byumutekano, nta tandukaniro riri hagati ya AE hagati ya nikotine na EC - nicotine EC cyangwa hagati ya EC nikotine na NRT.Muri rusange umubare wa SAEs wari muke mumaboko yose yo kwiga.Ntabwo twabonye ibimenyetso byerekana ingaruka mbi zatewe na nikotine EC, ariko igihe kirekire cyakurikiranwe ni imyaka ibiri kandi ubushakashatsi bwari buke.
Inzitizi nyamukuru yibimenyetso fatizo ikomeza kuba idahwitse kubera umubare muto wa RCTs, akenshi hamwe nibiciro bito, ariko andi RCT arakomeje.Kugirango isuzuma rikomeze gutanga - kugeza - amatariki yamakuru kubantu bafata ibyemezo, iri suzuma ni isubiramo rizima.Dukora gushakisha buri kwezi, hamwe nisubiramo rivugururwa mugihe ibimenyetso bishya biboneka biboneka.Nyamuneka ohereza kuri Cochrane Ububikoshingiro Bwisuzuma rya sisitemu kugirango isubirwemo uko ibintu bimeze ubu.
Incamake y'ururimi
Itabi rya elegitoronike rishobora gufasha abantu kureka itabi, kandi hari ingaruka zitifuzwa mugihe zikoreshwa kubwiyi ntego?
Itabi rya elegitoroniki ni iki?
Itabi rya elegitoroniki (e - itabi) ni ibikoresho byabigenewe bikora mu gushyushya amazi ubusanzwe arimo nikotine hamwe nuburyohe.E - itabi rigufasha guhumeka nikotine mu byuka aho kunywa itabi.Kubera ko badatwika itabi, e - itabi ntirishobora gukoresha abakoresha urwego rumwe rwimiti ishobora gutera indwara mubantu banywa itabi risanzwe.
Gukoresha e - itabi bizwi cyane nka 'vaping'.Abantu benshi bakoresha e - itabi kugirango ribafashe kureka itabi.Muri iri suzuma turibanda cyane cyane kuri e - itabi ririmo nikotine.
Impamvu twakoze iri suzuma rya Cochrane
Kureka itabi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha, indwara z'umutima n'izindi ndwara nyinshi.Abantu benshi birabagora kureka itabi.Twashatse kumenya niba gukoresha itabi bishobora gufasha abantu kureka itabi, kandi niba abantu babikoresha kubwiyi ntego bahura ningaruka zitifuzwa.
Twakoze iki?
Twashakishije ubushakashatsi bwarebaga ikoreshwa rya e - itabi kugirango dufashe abantu kureka itabi.
Twashakishije ibigeragezo byateganijwe, aho abantu bakiriye byafashwe icyemezo ku bushake.Ubu bwoko bwubushakashatsi butanga ibimenyetso byizewe kubyerekeye ingaruka zubuvuzi.Twashakishije kandi ubushakashatsi buri wese yakiriye e - itabi.
Twashishikajwe no kubimenya:
· Abantu bangahe bahagaritse kunywa itabi byibuze amezi atandatu;na
· Ni abantu bangahe bagize ingaruka batifuzaga, batanze raporo nyuma yicyumweru kimwe cyo gukoresha.
Itariki yo gushakisha: Twashyizemo ibimenyetso byatangajwe kugeza ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2022.
Ibyo twabonye
Twabonye ubushakashatsi 78 burimo abantu bakuru 22.052 banywa itabi.Ubushakashatsi bwagereranije e - itabi na:
· Ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza nikotine, nk'ibishishwa cyangwa amase;
· Varenicline (imiti ifasha abantu kureka itabi);
· E - itabi ridafite nikotine;
· Ubundi bwoko bwa nikotine - irimo e - itabi (urugero ibikoresho bya pod, ibikoresho bishya);
· Inkunga yimyitwarire, nkinama cyangwa inama;cyangwa
· Nta nkunga yo guhagarika itabi.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwabereye muri Amerika (34 ubushakashatsi), Ubwongereza (16), n'Ubutaliyani (8).
Ni ibihe bisubizo by'isubiramo ryacu?
Abantu birashoboka cyane guhagarika itabi byibuze amezi atandatu bakoresheje itabi rya nikotine e - kuruta gukoresha imiti isimbuza nikotine (ubushakashatsi 6, abantu 2378), cyangwa e - itabi ridafite nikotine (ubushakashatsi 5, abantu 1447).
Nikotine e - itabi rishobora gufasha abantu benshi kureka itabi kuruta inkunga cyangwa inkunga yimyitwarire gusa (ubushakashatsi 7, abantu 3126).
Ku bantu 100 bakoresha itabi rya nikotine e - itabi kugira ngo bareke kunywa itabi, 9 kugeza 14 barashobora guhagarara neza, ugereranije nabantu 6 kuri 100 gusa bakoresha imiti yo gusimbuza nikotine, 7 kuri 100 bakoresha e - itabi ridafite nikotine, cyangwa 4 kuri 100 badafite inkunga cyangwa inkunga yimyitwarire gusa.
Ntituzi neza niba hari itandukaniro riri hagati yingaruka zidakenewe zibaho ukoresheje nikotine e - itabi ugereranije nubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza nikotine, nta nkunga cyangwa inkunga yimyitwarire gusa.Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko ingaruka zidakenewe cyane zagaragaye mu matsinda yakira itabi rya nikotine ugereranije n’inkunga cyangwa inkunga y’imyitwarire gusa.Umubare muto w'ingaruka utifuzwa, harimo n'ingaruka zikomeye zitifuzwa, zagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bugereranya itabi rya nikotine e - itabi no kuvura nikotine.Birashoboka ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yingaruka zingaruka zidakenewe zibaho mubantu bakoresha itabi rya nikotine e ugereranije n e itabi ridafite nikotine.
Ingaruka zidakenewe zavuzwe cyane hamwe na nikotine e - itabi ni umuhogo cyangwa kuribwa mu kanwa, kubabara umutwe, inkorora no kumva urwaye.Izi ngaruka zaragabanutse mugihe abantu bakomeje gukoresha nikotine e - itabi.
Ibisubizo byizewe bingana iki?
Ibisubizo byacu bishingiye kubushakashatsi buke kubisubizo byinshi, kandi kubisubizo bimwe na bimwe, amakuru yari atandukanye cyane.
Twabonye ibimenyetso byerekana ko nikotine e - itabi rifasha abantu benshi kureka itabi kuruta kuvura nikotine.Nikotine e - itabi birashoboka ko rifasha abantu benshi kureka itabi kuruta e - itabi ridafite nikotine ariko haracyakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugirango ibi byemeze.
Ubushakashatsi bugereranya nikotine e - itabi n’imyitwarire cyangwa idashyigikiwe na byo byagaragaje ko umubare munini w’abantu bareka itabi rya nikotine e, ariko utanga amakuru make kubera ibibazo bijyanye n’ubushakashatsi.
Ibyinshi mubisubizo byacu kubintu bidakenewe birashobora guhinduka mugihe ibimenyetso byinshi bibonetse.
Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi
Nikotine e - itabi rirashobora gufasha abantu kureka itabi byibuze amezi atandatu.Ibimenyetso byerekana ko bakora neza kuruta imiti yo gusimbuza nikotine, kandi birashoboka ko iruta e - itabi ridafite nikotine.
Bashobora gukora neza kuruta inkunga, cyangwa inkunga yimyitwarire yonyine, kandi ntibashobora guhuzwa ningaruka zikomeye zitifuzwa.
Icyakora, turacyakeneye ibimenyetso byinshi, cyane cyane kubyerekeye ingaruka zubwoko bushya bw itabi rifite itangwa rya nikotine ryiza kuruta ubwoko bwa kera bw itabi, kuko gutanga nikotine bishobora gufasha abantu benshi kureka itabi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2022
