Ndemanga
Mbiri
Ndudu zamagetsi(ECs) ndi zida zam'manja zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimapanga aerosol potenthetsa e-liquid.Anthu ena omwe amasuta amagwiritsa ntchito ma ECs kuti asiye kapena kuchepetsa kusuta, ngakhale kuti mabungwe ena, magulu olimbikitsa anthu komanso opanga malamulo aletsa izi, ponena za kusowa kwa umboni wa mphamvu ndi chitetezo.Anthu omwe amasuta, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi olamulira amafuna kudziwa ngati ma EC angathandize anthu kusiya kusuta, komanso ngati ali otetezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito.Uku ndikuwunikidwanso komwe kunachitika ngati gawo lowunika mwadongosolo.
Zolinga
Kuwunika mphamvu, kulekerera, ndi chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamagetsi (ECs) kuthandiza anthu omwe amasuta fodya kuti athetse kusuta kwa nthawi yayitali.
Njira zofufuzira
Tidasaka Kaundula Wapadera wa Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, ndi PsycINFO mpaka 1 Julayi 2022, ndikuyang'ana ndikulumikizana ndi olemba kafukufuku.
Zosankha zosankhidwa
Tinaphatikizapo mayesero olamulidwa mwachisawawa (RCTs) ndi mayesero osasinthika, momwe anthu omwe amasuta amasinthidwa kukhala EC kapena kuwongolera.Tinaphatikizaponso maphunziro osayendetsedwa osayendetsedwa omwe onse omwe adalandira nawo adalandira chithandizo cha EC.Kafukufuku adayenera kunena za kusiya kusuta fodya pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo kapena zolembera zachitetezo pa sabata imodzi kapena kupitilira apo, kapena zonse ziwiri.
Kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kusanthula
Tinatsatira njira zodziwika bwino za Cochrane zowunikira komanso kuchotsa deta.Zotsatira zathu zazikulu zinali kuleka kusuta pambuyo pa kutsata kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zochitika zovuta (AEs), ndi zochitika zazikulu (SAEs).Zotsatira zachiwiri zinaphatikizapo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akugwiritsabe ntchito mankhwala ophunzirira (EC kapena pharmacotherapy) pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuposerapo pambuyo pa randomisation kapena kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito EC, kusintha kwa carbon monoxide (CO), kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP), kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, mapapo. ntchito, ndi milingo ya carcinogens kapena toxicants, kapena zonse ziwiri.Tinagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Mantel-Haenszel chokhazikika kuti tiwerengere kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo (RRs) ndi 95% nthawi yodalirika (CI) pazotsatira zosiyana.Kwa zotsatira zosalekeza, tinawerengera kusiyana kwakutanthawuza.Ngati n'koyenera, tinasonkhanitsa deta mu meta-analysis.
Zotsatira zazikulu
Tinaphatikizapo maphunziro omaliza a 78, omwe amaimira anthu a 22,052, omwe 40 anali ma RCTs.Maphunziro khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri mwa 78 omwe adaphatikizidwa anali atsopano pazosintha izi.Mwa maphunziro ophatikizidwa, tinavotera khumi (zonse koma imodzi zomwe zikuthandizira kufananitsa kwathu kwakukulu) pachiwopsezo chochepa cha kukondera, 50 pachiwopsezo chachikulu (kuphatikiza maphunziro onse osasankhidwa), ndipo otsalawo ali pachiwopsezo chosadziwika bwino.
Panali kutsimikizika kwakukulu kuti mitengo yosiya inali yayikulu mwa anthu omwe amasinthidwa kukhala chikonga EC kuposa omwe amasinthidwa kukhala chikonga m'malo mwa mankhwala (NRT) (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30 mpaka 2.04; I2 = 10%; Maphunziro a 6, otenga nawo gawo 2378).Mwamtheradi, izi zitha kumasulira ku ma quitter anayi owonjezera pa 100 (95% CI 2 mpaka 6).Panali umboni wotsimikizika (wochepa chifukwa cha kusazindikira) kuti kuchuluka kwa ma AE kunali kofanana pakati pa magulu (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 mpaka 1.19; I2 = 0%; maphunziro 4, otenga nawo gawo 1702).Ma SAE anali osowa, koma panalibe umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira ngati mitengo imasiyana pakati pa magulu chifukwa cha kusalongosoka kwakukulu (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 kwa 1.52; I2 = 34%; Maphunziro a 5, ophunzira a 2411).
Panali umboni wotsimikizika, wocheperako chifukwa chopanda kulondola, kuti ziwopsezo zosiya zinali zapamwamba mwa anthu osasinthika ku nicotine EC kuposa osakhala nicotine EC (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21 mpaka 3.13; I2 = 0%; Maphunziro a 5, ophunzira 1447) .Mwamtheradi, izi zitha kubweretsa owonjezera asanu ndi awiri osiya pa 100 (95% CI 2 mpaka 16).Panali umboni wotsimikizirika wosonyeza kuti panalibe kusiyana pakati pa ma AEs pakati pa maguluwa (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 mpaka 1.11; I2 = 0%; 5 maphunziro, 1840 otenga nawo mbali).Panalibe umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira ngati mitengo ya SAEs inali yosiyana pakati pa magulu, chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwakukulu (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.56 ku 1.79; I2 = 0%; Maphunziro a 8, 1272 ophunzira).
Poyerekeza ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe kokha / palibe chithandizo, chiwerengero chosiya chinali chapamwamba kwa otenga nawo mbali omwe adasinthidwa kukhala nicotine EC (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 kwa 4.65; I2 = 0%; Maphunziro a 7, 3126 ophunzira).Mwamtheradi, izi zikuyimira owonjezera awiri osiya pa 100 (95% CI 1 mpaka 3).Komabe, kupezedwa uku kunali kotsimikizika kotsika kwambiri, chifukwa cha zovuta ndi kusalongosoka komanso chiwopsezo cha kukondera.Panali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti ma AE (osakhala owopsa) anali ofala kwambiri mwa anthu opangidwa mwachisawawa ku chikonga EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 mpaka 1.32; I2 = 41%, kutsimikizika kochepa; maphunziro a 4, otenga nawo mbali 765) ndipo, kachiwiri, osakwanira. umboni wotsimikizira ngati mitengo ya SAE imasiyana pakati pa magulu (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54 mpaka 1.97; I2 = 38%; 9 maphunziro, 1993 ophunzira).
Deta kuchokera ku maphunziro osakhala mwachisawawa zinali zogwirizana ndi deta ya RCT.Ma AE omwe amanenedwa kwambiri anali kumva kuwawa kwapakhosi/pakamwa, kupweteka mutu, chifuwa, ndi nseru, zomwe zimangotha ndikugwiritsa ntchito EC.Kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri adanena za zotsatira zina kapena kufananitsa, chifukwa chake umboni wa izi ndi wochepa, ndipo ma CI nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kuvulaza kwakukulu ndi kupindula.
Zotsatira za olemba
Pali umboni wotsimikizika wosonyeza kuti ma EC okhala ndi chikonga amachulukitsa chikonga poyerekeza ndi NRT komanso umboni wotsimikizika wotsimikizira kuti amachulukitsa mitengo yosiya poyerekeza ndi ma EC opanda chikonga.Umboni woyerekeza chikonga EC ndi chisamaliro chanthawi zonse/opanda chithandizo ukuwonetsanso phindu, koma nzosatsimikizika.Maphunziro ochulukirapo akufunika kuti atsimikizire kukula kwake.Nthawi zachidaliro zinali zambiri za data za AEs, SAEs ndi zolembera zina zachitetezo, popanda kusiyana mu AEs pakati pa chikonga ndi non-nicotine ECs kapena pakati pa chikonga ECs ndi NRT.Chiwerengero chonse cha ma SAE chinali chochepa m'magulu onse ophunzirira.Sitinapeze umboni wa kuvulaza kwakukulu kuchokera ku chikonga EC, koma kutsata kwautali kwambiri kunali zaka ziwiri ndipo chiwerengero cha maphunziro chinali chochepa.
Kulepheretsa kwakukulu kwa umboni kumakhalabe kosamveka chifukwa cha chiwerengero chochepa cha RCTs, nthawi zambiri ndi zochitika zochepa, koma ma RCT ena akuchitika.Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuwunikaku kukupitilizabe kupereka zidziwitso zaposachedwa kwa opanga zisankho, kuwunikaku ndikuwunika mwadongosolo.Timafufuza mwezi uliwonse, ndikuwunikanso kusinthidwa umboni watsopano ukakhalapo.Chonde werengani ku Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews kuti muwone momwe ndemangayi ilili pano.
Chidule cha chilankhulo chosavuta
Kodi ndudu zamagetsi zingathandize anthu kusiya kusuta, ndipo kodi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosafunikira zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi?
Kodi ndudu zamagetsi ndi chiyani?
Ndudu zamagetsi (e-fodya) ndi zida zogwirira m'manja zomwe zimagwira ntchito potenthetsa madzi omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chikonga ndi zokometsera.Ndudu za e-fodya zimakupatsani mwayi wokokera chikonga mu nthunzi m'malo mosuta.Chifukwa chakuti sawotcha fodya, ndudu za e-fodya sizimachititsa osuta ku mlingo wofanana wa mankhwala omwe angayambitse matenda mwa anthu amene amasuta ndudu wamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu ya e-fodya kumadziwika kuti 'vaping'.Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya kuwathandiza kuti asiye kusuta fodya.Mu ndemanga iyi timayang'ana kwambiri ndudu za e-fodya zomwe zili ndi nikotini.
Chifukwa chiyani tidachita izi Ndemanga ya Cochrane
Kusiya kusuta kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, matenda a mtima ndi matenda ena ambiri.Anthu ambiri zimawavuta kusiya kusuta.Tinkafuna kudziwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya kungathandize anthu kusiya kusuta, komanso ngati anthu omwe amazigwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa izi akumana ndi zovuta zilizonse.
Kodi tinatani?
Tinafufuza kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya kuthandiza anthu kusiya kusuta.
Tinayang'ana mayesero oyendetsedwa mwachisawawa, momwe mankhwala omwe anthu adalandira adasankhidwa mwachisawawa.Kafukufuku wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amapereka umboni wodalirika wokhudza zotsatira za chithandizo.Tinayang'ananso maphunziro omwe aliyense adalandira chithandizo cha e-fodya.
Tinali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa:
- ndi anthu angati omwe anasiya kusuta kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;ndi
- ndi anthu angati omwe adakhala ndi zotsatira zosafunikira, zomwe zidanenedwa pambuyo pa sabata imodzi yogwiritsa ntchito.
Sakani tsiku: Tinaphatikiza umboni womwe udasindikizidwa mpaka pa Julayi 1, 2022.
Zomwe tapeza
Tidapeza maphunziro 78 omwe adaphatikiza akuluakulu 22,052 omwe amasuta.Maphunzirowa anayerekezera ndudu za e-fodya ndi:
• mankhwala obwezeretsa chikonga, monga zigamba kapena chingamu;
Varenicline (mankhwala othandizira anthu kusiya kusuta);
· ndudu za e-fodya popanda chikonga;
Mitundu ina ya ndudu yokhala ndi chikonga (monga zida za pod, zida zatsopano);
· Thandizo pamakhalidwe, monga uphungu kapena uphungu;kapena
· palibe chothandizira kusiya kusuta.
Maphunziro ambiri adachitika ku USA (maphunziro 34), UK (16), ndi Italy (8).
Zotsatira za ndemanga yathu ndi chiyani?
Anthu amatha kusiya kusuta kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito chikonga cha e-fodya kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga m'malo (maphunziro 6, anthu 2378), kapena ndudu za e-fodya popanda chikonga (maphunziro 5, anthu 1447).
Ndudu za Nicotine e-fodya zingathandize anthu ambiri kuti asiye kusuta kusiyana ndi kusathandizidwa kapena kuthandizira khalidwe kokha (maphunziro a 7, anthu a 3126).
Kwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe amasuta fodya wa nicotine kuti asiye kusuta, 9 mpaka 14 akhoza kusiya kusuta, poyerekeza ndi anthu 6 okha mwa 100 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa chikonga, 7 mwa 100 omwe amasuta fodya popanda chikonga, kapena 4 mwa anthu 100 omwe alibe chikonga. Thandizo kapena chithandizo cha khalidwe kokha.
Sitikudziwa ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zosafunikira zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ndudu za nicotine e-fodya poyerekeza ndi chithandizo cholowa m'malo mwa chikonga, palibe chithandizo kapena kuthandizira khalidwe kokha.Panali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti zotsatira zosafunikira zosafunikira zinali zofala kwambiri m'magulu omwe amalandila fodya wa nicotine e-fodya poyerekeza ndi palibe chithandizo kapena khalidwe lothandizira.Zotsatira zochepa zosafunika, kuphatikizapo zotsatira zosafunikira, zinanenedwa m'maphunziro oyerekeza ndudu za nicotine e-fodya ndi chikonga m'malo mwa mankhwala.Mwinamwake palibe kusiyana pa kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zosafunikira zosafunikira zomwe zimachitika mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya wa nicotine e-fodya poyerekeza ndi e-fodya popanda chikonga.
Zotsatira zosafunikira zomwe zimanenedwa nthawi zambiri ndi ndudu za nicotine zinali kupsa mtima pakhosi kapena pakamwa, mutu, chifuwa komanso kudwala.Zotsatira izi zidachepa pakapita nthawi pamene anthu adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wa nicotine e-fodya.
Kodi zotsatira zake ndi zodalirika bwanji?
Zotsatira zathu zimachokera ku maphunziro ochepa pazotsatira zambiri, ndipo pazotsatira zina, deta imasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Tinapeza umboni wakuti ndudu za e-fodya zimathandiza anthu ambiri kusiya kusuta kuposa mankhwala obwezeretsa chikonga.Ndudu za Nicotine e-fodya mwina zimathandiza anthu ambiri kusiya kusuta kuposa ndudu za e-fodya popanda chikonga koma maphunziro ochulukirapo akufunikabe kuti atsimikizire izi.
Kafukufuku woyerekeza ndudu za nicotine e-fodya ndi zamakhalidwe kapena zopanda chithandizo adawonetsanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amasuta fodya wa nicotine, koma amapereka chidziwitso chochepa chifukwa cha zovuta zamapangidwe a maphunziro.
Zambiri mwazotsatira zathu za zotsatira zosafunikira zitha kusintha pakapezeka umboni wambiri.
Mauthenga ofunikira
Ndudu za Nicotine e-fodya zingathandize anthu kusiya kusuta kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.Umboni umasonyeza kuti amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mankhwala obwezeretsa chikonga, ndipo mwina kuposa ndudu za e-fodya zopanda chikonga.
Angagwire ntchito bwino kuposa kusathandizidwa, kapena kuthandizira pamakhalidwe okha, ndipo sangagwirizane ndi zotsatira zosafunikira.
Komabe, timafunikirabe umboni wochulukirapo, makamaka wokhudza zotsatira za mitundu yatsopano ya ndudu za e-fodya zomwe zimakhala ndi chikonga chabwinoko kuposa mitundu yakale ya ndudu za e-fodya, popeza kutulutsa kwa chikonga kungathandize anthu ambiri kusiya kusuta.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-23-2022
