Abstract
Fage
Sigari na lantarki(ECs) na'urorin vaping ne na hannu waɗanda ke samar da iska ta hanyar dumama e-ruwa.Wasu mutanen da suke shan taba suna amfani da ECs don dakatarwa ko rage shan taba, kodayake wasu kungiyoyi, kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari da masu tsara manufofi sun hana wannan, suna nuna rashin shaidar inganci da aminci.Mutanen da ke shan taba, masu ba da kiwon lafiya da masu kula da su suna so su san ko ECs na iya taimaka wa mutane su daina shan taba, kuma idan suna da aminci don amfani da su don wannan dalili.Wannan sabuntawar bita ce da aka gudanar a zaman wani ɓangare na bita na tsari mai rai.
Makasudai
Don bincika tasiri, juriya, da amincin amfani da sigari na lantarki (ECs) don taimakawa mutanen da suke shan taba su sami rashin shan taba na dogon lokaci.
Hanyoyin bincike
Mun bincika Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Taba ta Cochrane, Babban Rajista na Cochrane na Gwaje-gwajen Gudanarwa (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, da PsycINFO zuwa 1 Yuli 2022, da bincike-duba da tuntuɓar marubutan binciken.
Sharuɗɗan zaɓi
Mun haɗa da gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar (RCTs) da gwaje-gwajen giciye, wanda mutanen da ke shan taba sun kasance bazuwar zuwa yanayin EC ko yanayin sarrafawa.Mun kuma haɗa da nazarin sa baki wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba wanda duk mahalarta suka sami saƙon EC.Dole ne binciken ya bayar da rahoton kauracewa sigari a wata shida ko fiye ko bayanai kan alamomin aminci a cikin mako guda ko fiye, ko duka biyun.
Tarin bayanai da bincike
Mun bi daidaitattun hanyoyin Cochrane don dubawa da cire bayanai.Matakan sakamakonmu na farko shine kaurace wa shan taba bayan aƙalla watanni shida biyo baya, abubuwan da ba su da kyau (AEs), da kuma abubuwan da ba su da kyau (SAEs).Sakamakon na biyu ya haɗa da adadin mutanen da ke amfani da samfurin binciken (EC ko pharmacotherapy) a cikin watanni shida ko fiye bayan bazuwar ko fara amfani da EC, canje-canje a cikin carbon monoxide (CO), hawan jini (BP), ƙimar zuciya, jikewar oxygen jikewa, huhu. aiki, da matakan carcinogens ko masu guba, ko duka biyun.Mun yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun tasirin Mantel-Haenszel don ƙididdige ma'auni na haɗari (RRs) tare da tazarar amincewa ta 95% (CI) don sakamako iri ɗaya.Don ci gaba da sakamako, mun ƙididdige bambance-bambance.Inda ya dace, mun tattara bayanai a cikin meta-bincike.
Babban sakamako
Mun haɗa da karatun 78 da aka kammala, wakiltar mahalarta 22,052, wanda 40 sun kasance RCTs.Sha bakwai daga cikin 78 da aka haɗa karatu sababbi ne ga wannan sabuntawar bita.Daga cikin karatun da aka haɗa, mun ƙididdige goma (duk amma ɗaya yana ba da gudummawa ga babban kwatancenmu) a cikin ƙananan haɗarin son zuciya gabaɗaya, 50 a babban haɗari gabaɗaya (ciki har da duk karatun da ba a bazuwa ba), sauran kuma cikin haɗari mara tabbas.
Akwai babban tabbaci cewa yawan kuɗin da aka bari ya kasance mafi girma a cikin mutanen da aka bazu zuwa nicotine EC fiye da waɗanda aka bazu zuwa maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT) (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30 zuwa 2.04; I2 = 10%; 6 nazarin, mahalarta 2378).A cikin cikakkun sharuɗɗa, wannan na iya fassara zuwa ƙarin masu katsewa huɗu a kowace 100 (95% CI 2 zuwa 6).Akwai shaidar tabbataccen matsakaici (iyakance ta rashin fahimta) cewa adadin abubuwan da suka faru na AEs sun kasance daidai tsakanin ƙungiyoyi (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 zuwa 1.19; I2 = 0%; 4 nazarin, mahalarta 1702).SAEs ba su da yawa, amma akwai rashin isasshen shaida don sanin ko farashin ya bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyi saboda mummunar tasiri (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 zuwa 1.52; I2 = 34%; 5 nazarin, mahalarta 2411).
Akwai tabbataccen tabbaci na matsakaici, iyakance ta rashin fahimta, cewa ƙimar barin ya fi girma a cikin mutanen da aka bazu zuwa nicotine EC fiye da waɗanda ba nicotine EC (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21 zuwa 3.13; I2 = 0%; 5 nazarin, mahalarta 1447) .A cikin cikakkun sharuɗɗa, wannan na iya haifar da ƙarin raguwa bakwai a cikin 100 (95% CI 2 zuwa 16).Akwai shaidar tabbataccen matsakaici na babu bambanci a cikin ƙimar AE tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 zuwa 1.11; I2 = 0%; 5 nazarin, mahalarta 1840).Akwai rashin isasshen shaida don sanin ko ƙimar SAEs sun bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, saboda mummunan tasiri (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.56 zuwa 1.79; I2 = 0%; 8 nazarin, mahalarta 1272).
Idan aka kwatanta da goyon bayan halayya kawai / babu goyon baya, raguwa ya kasance mafi girma ga mahalarta bazuwar zuwa nicotine EC (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 zuwa 4.65; I2 = 0%; 7 nazarin, mahalarta 3126).A cikin cikakkun sharuɗɗa, wannan yana wakiltar ƙarin masu ba da izini biyu a cikin 100 (95% CI 1 zuwa 3).Duk da haka, wannan binciken ya kasance mai ƙarancin tabbas sosai, saboda al'amurran da suka shafi rashin fahimta da haɗarin son zuciya.Akwai wasu shaidun cewa (marasa mahimmanci) AEs sun fi kowa a cikin mutanen da aka bazu zuwa nicotine EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 zuwa 1.32; I2 = 41%, ƙananan tabbaci; 4 nazarin, mahalarta 765) kuma, sake, rashin isa. shaida don sanin ko ƙimar SAEs sun bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54 zuwa 1.97; I2 = 38%; 9 nazarin, 1993 mahalarta).
Bayanai daga binciken da ba a bazuwa ba sun yi daidai da bayanan RCT.Mafi yawan rahotannin AEs sune haushin makogwaro/baki, ciwon kai, tari, da tashin zuciya, wanda ke son yashe tare da ci gaba da amfani da EC.Ƙananan karatu sun ba da rahoton bayanai game da wasu sakamako ko kwatancen, saboda haka shaida ga waɗannan suna da iyaka, tare da CI sau da yawa ya ƙunshi cutarwa da fa'ida ta asibiti.
Ƙarshen marubuta
Akwai tabbataccen tabbaci cewa ECs tare da nicotine sun karu sun daina rates idan aka kwatanta da NRT da matsakaici-tabbatacciyar shaida cewa suna ƙara yawan raguwa idan aka kwatanta da ECs ba tare da nicotine ba.Shaidar kwatanta nicotine EC tare da kulawa ta yau da kullun/babu magani shima yana nuna fa'ida, amma ba ta da tabbas.Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu don tabbatar da girman tasirin.Tazarar amincewa sun kasance don mafi yawan ɓangaren bayanai akan AEs, SAEs da sauran alamomin aminci, ba tare da bambanci a cikin AEs tsakanin nicotine da wadanda ba nicotine ECs ko tsakanin nicotine ECs da NRT.Gabaɗaya abubuwan da suka faru na SAE sun yi ƙasa sosai a duk makaman nazarin.Ba mu gano shaida na mummunar cutarwa daga nicotine EC ba, amma mafi tsayin bin diddigin shekaru biyu ne kuma adadin karatun ya kasance kaɗan.
Babban ƙayyadaddun tushen shaida ya kasance maras kyau saboda ƙananan adadin RCTs, sau da yawa tare da ƙananan abubuwan da suka faru, amma ƙarin RCTs suna gudana.Don tabbatar da sake dubawa ya ci gaba da samar da bayanai na yau da kullun ga masu yanke shawara, wannan bita bita ce ta tsarin rayuwa.Muna gudanar da bincike kowane wata, tare da sabunta bita lokacin da sabbin shaidun da suka dace suka samu.Da fatan za a koma zuwa Database na Cochrane na Reviews Tsare-tsare don matsayin bita na yanzu.
Takaitaccen harshe
Shin sigari na lantarki zai iya taimaka wa mutane su daina shan taba, kuma suna da wani tasirin da ba a so lokacin amfani da su don wannan dalili?
Menene sigari na lantarki?
Sigari na lantarki (e-cigare) na'urori ne na hannu waɗanda ke aiki ta hanyar dumama ruwa wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi nicotine da abubuwan dandano.E-cigare yana ba ka damar shakar nicotine a cikin tururi maimakon hayaki.Saboda ba sa ƙone taba, e-cigare ba sa fallasa masu amfani ga matakan sinadarai iri ɗaya waɗanda za su iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutanen da ke shan sigari na al'ada.
Amfani da e-cigare an fi saninsa da 'vaping'.Mutane da yawa suna amfani da e-cigare don taimaka musu su daina shan taba.A cikin wannan bita mun fi mayar da hankali kan e-cigare mai ɗauke da nicotine.
Me yasa muka yi wannan Bita na Cochrane
Tsayawa shan taba yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu, bugun zuciya da sauran cututtuka masu yawa.Mutane da yawa suna samun wahalar daina shan taba.Mun so mu gano ko amfani da e-cigare zai iya taimaka wa mutane su daina shan taba, kuma idan mutanen da ke amfani da su don wannan dalili sun fuskanci duk wani tasirin da ba a so.
Me muka yi?
Mun bincika binciken da ya duba amfani da e-cigare don taimakawa mutane su daina shan taba.
Mun nemi gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar, wanda aka yanke shawarar jiyya da mutane suka karɓa ba da gangan ba.Irin wannan binciken yawanci yana ba da tabbataccen tabbaci game da tasirin magani.Mun kuma nemi binciken da kowa ya sami maganin e-cigare.
Mun kasance da sha'awar gano:
· mutane nawa ne suka daina shan taba har tsawon watanni shida;kuma
· mutane nawa ne suka sami illar da ba a so, aka ruwaito bayan an yi amfani da aƙalla mako guda.
Kwanan bincike: Mun haɗa da shaida da aka buga har zuwa 1 ga Yuli 2022.
Abin da muka samu
Mun sami binciken 78 wanda ya haɗa da manya 22,052 waɗanda suka sha taba.Nazarin ya kwatanta e-cigare da:
· maganin maye gurbin nicotine, kamar faci ko danko;
· varenicline (maganin taimaka wa mutane daina shan taba);
e-cigare ba tare da nicotine ba;
sauran nau'ikan sigari na e-cigare mai ɗauke da nicotine (misali na'urori, sabbin na'urori);
· goyon bayan halayya, kamar shawara ko shawara;ko
· babu tallafi don dakatar da shan taba.
Yawancin karatu sun faru a cikin Amurka (nazarin 34), UK (16), da Italiya (8).
Menene sakamakon bitar mu?
Mutane sun fi dacewa su daina shan taba na akalla watanni shida ta amfani da nicotine e-cigare fiye da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine (nazarin 6, mutane 2378), ko sigari ba tare da nicotine ba (binciken 5, mutane 1447).
Nicotine e-cigarettes na iya taimaka wa mutane da yawa su daina shan taba fiye da babu goyon baya ko goyon bayan hali kawai (nazarin 7, mutane 3126).
Ga kowane mutum 100 da ke amfani da sigari e-cigare don dakatar da shan taba, 9 zuwa 14 na iya samun nasarar daina shan taba, idan aka kwatanta da 6 na mutane 100 kawai suna amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine, 7 na 100 suna amfani da e-cigare ba tare da nicotine ba, ko 4 na mutane 100 ba su da. goyon baya ko goyon bayan hali kawai.
Ba mu da tabbas idan akwai bambanci tsakanin yawan tasirin da ba'a so ya faru ta amfani da sigari e-cigare idan aka kwatanta da maganin maye gurbin nicotine, babu tallafi ko tallafin halayya kawai.Akwai wasu shaidun cewa abubuwan da ba su da mahimmanci waɗanda ba a so sun fi yawa a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu karɓar sigari e-cigare idan aka kwatanta da babu tallafi ko tallafi na hali kawai.Ƙananan lambobi na tasirin da ba a so, gami da mummunan tasirin da ba a so, an ba da rahotonsu a cikin binciken da ke kwatanta sigari e-cigare zuwa maganin maye gurbin nicotine.Wataƙila babu wani bambanci a cikin adadin abubuwan da ba a so ba masu tsanani ke faruwa a cikin mutane masu amfani da sigari e-cigare idan aka kwatanta da e-cigare ba tare da nicotine ba.
Abubuwan da ba a so ba da aka ruwaito galibi tare da sigari na nicotine sun haɗa da makogwaro ko haushin baki, ciwon kai, tari da jin rashin lafiya.Waɗannan tasirin sun ragu cikin lokaci yayin da mutane suka ci gaba da amfani da sigari e-cigare.
Yaya amincin waɗannan sakamakon?
Sakamakonmu ya dogara ne akan ƴan binciken don yawancin sakamako, kuma ga wasu sakamakon, bayanan sun bambanta sosai.
Mun sami shaida cewa sigari e-cigare na nicotine yana taimakawa mutane da yawa su daina shan taba fiye da maganin maye gurbin nicotine.Nicotine e-cigare mai yiwuwa yana taimakawa mutane da yawa su daina shan taba fiye da sigari e-cigare ba tare da nicotine ba amma har yanzu ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da hakan.
Nazarin da aka kwatanta sigarin e-cigare na nicotine tare da ɗabi'a ko babu tallafi ya kuma nuna ƙimar barin mutane masu amfani da sigari e-cigare, amma suna ba da ƙarancin takamaiman bayanai saboda al'amurra tare da ƙirar binciken.
Yawancin sakamakonmu na abubuwan da ba a so na iya canzawa lokacin da ƙarin shaida ya sami.
Mabuɗin saƙonni
Nicotine e-cigare zai iya taimaka wa mutane su daina shan taba na akalla watanni shida.Shaidu sun nuna suna aiki fiye da maganin maye gurbin nicotine, kuma tabbas sun fi e-cigare ba tare da nicotine ba.
Suna iya aiki mafi kyau fiye da babu tallafi, ko tallafin ɗabi'a kaɗai, kuma ƙila ba za a haɗa su da mummunan tasirin da ba'a so ba.
Duk da haka, har yanzu muna buƙatar ƙarin shaida, musamman game da illolin sabbin nau'ikan sigari na e-cigare waɗanda ke da isar da nicotine mafi kyau fiye da tsofaffin nau'ikan sigari na e-cigare, saboda ingantacciyar isar da nicotine na iya taimakawa mutane da yawa su daina shan taba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-23-2022
